LAB-4016: Building Bookstore Sample Apps using various Web Technologies

The goal of this hands-on lab is to exercise various technologies of building BookStore sample application as described below. You are going to build, run, and modify these sample applications using NetBeans.

bookstore1 - using Servlets only
bookstore2 - using JSP pages only
bookstore3 - using JSP pages and custom tags
bookstore4 - using JSP pages and JSTL in native format
bookstore5 - using JSP pages and JSTL in XML format
bookstore6 - using JavaServer Faces (JSF)

Expected duration: 120 minutes (excluding homework)

Software Needed

Before you begin, you need to install the following software on your computer.

Java Standard Development Kit (JDK™) version 5.0 (download)

If you already have installed JDK 5.0, you can skip this.
The name of the installation file is as following (for JDK 5.0 update x)

jdk-1_5_0_0x-windows-i586-p.exe (Windows)
jdk-1_5_0_0x-linux-i586.bin (Linux)
jdk-1_5_0_0x-solaris-i586.sh (Solaris x86)

NetBeans IDE 5.5 with Sun Java System Application Server 9 Update 1 bundle (download)

When you install NetBeans IDE 5.0, it will ask you which JDK you want to use.
You can download and install NetBeans IDE 5.5 (download) and Sun Java System App Server 9 Update 1 (download) individually. In this case, you will have to add Sun Java System App Server as additional runtime platform manually as described below.

4106_jspbookstore.zip (download)

It contains this document and the lab contents
Download it and unzip in a directory of your choice

OS platforms you can use

Windows
Solaris x86, Solaris Sparc
Linux
Mac OS X

Change Log

Nov. 30th, 2006: Created
Dec. 7th, 2006: The DerbyPool problem has been resolved.

Lab Exercises

Exercise 0: Set up the database - this needs to be done first
Exercise 1: Open, build and run "bookstore1" sample application (30 minutes)
Exercise 2: OPen, build and run "bookstore2" sample application (30 minutes)
Exercise 3: Open, build and run "bookstore3" sample application (30 minutes)
Exercise 4: Open, build and run "bookstore4" sample application (30 minutes)
Homework Exercise (for people who are taking Sang Shin's "Java EE Programming online course")

Exercise 0: Set up the database

In this exercise, you are going to create a new JDBC resource and then create database tables that will be used by the Bookstore sample application.

(0.0) Add Sun Java System App Server as additional server

(0.1) Start admin console of Sun Java System Application Server

(0.2) Create a new JDBC resource

(0.3) Modify the properties of DerbyPool

Figure-0.15: Set the DatabaseName to sample and set the connectionAttributes to create=false

(0.4) Start the Derby database (Java DB Server)

(0.5) Create database tables

2. If Connect dialog appears, for the password field, type in app. (Figure-0.51 below)

(0.6) Verify the BOOKS database table is created

Exercise 1: Open, build and run "bookstore1" sample application

In this exercise, you are going to build and run "bookstore1" sample application, which uses only Servlets.

(1.1) Open, build, and run "bookstore1" sample application

0. Start NetBeans IDE (if it has not been started already)
1. Open bookstore1 NetBeans project (that is provided as part of hands-on lab zip file).

Trouble-shooting-1: If you see the following error condition (Figure-1.13 in the browser and Figure-1.14 in the Sun Java System App server log file), it is likely because the database has not been started.

Solution: Start the Derby database server (Java DB Server) by selcting Tools->Java DB Database->Start Java DB Server. Right click bookstore1 project and select Clean and Build, then Run Project.

2. Click Duke: A Biography of the Java Evangelist or any other book on the page. (Figure-1.13 below)

(1.2) Look under the hood of the "bookstore1" applicaiton

1. Study event listener class (same as life cycle event handler class)

Double-click ContextListener.java under bookstore1->Source Packages->listeners.
Study the code especially paying attention to the bold-fonted comments. (Code-1.20 below)

package listeners;

import database.BookDBAO;
import javax.servlet.*;
import util.Counter;

// Event handler class for handling application scope events
public final class ContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
    private ServletContext context = null;

    // This method gets called when the application is deployed
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
        context = event.getServletContext();

        // Create BookDBAO object and save it as an attribute to
        // ServletContext scope object.
        try {
            BookDBAO bookDB = new BookDBAO();
            context.setAttribute("bookDB", bookDB);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            System.out.println("Couldn't create bookstore database bean: " +
                ex.getMessage());
        }

        // Save hitCounter and orderCounter attributes in the
        // ServletContext scope object
        Counter counter = new Counter();
        context.setAttribute("hitCounter", counter);
        counter = new Counter();
        context.setAttribute("orderCounter", counter);
    }

    // This method gets called when the application is undeployed
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
        context = event.getServletContext();

        BookDBAO bookDB = (BookDBAO) context.getAttribute("bookDB");

        if (bookDB != null) {
            bookDB.remove();
        }

        context.removeAttribute("bookDB");
        context.removeAttribute("hitCounter");
        context.removeAttribute("orderCounter");
    }
}

Code-1.20: ContextListener.java

Double click web.xml.
Study how the listeners.ContextListener event listener is configured by paying attention to bold-fonted code fragments. (Code-1.21 below)

Code-1.21: web.xml

2. Study database related classes

Double-click BookDBAO.java under bookstore1->Source Packages->database.
Study the code especially paying attention to the bold-fonted comments. (Code-1.23 below)

package database;

import java.sql.*;
import javax.sql.*;
import javax.naming.*;
import java.util.*;
import exception.*;
import cart.*;

// The instance of BookDBAO gets created when the application
// is deployed. It maintains the Connection object to the
// database. The Connection object is created from DataSource
// object, which is retrieved through JNDI.
// For more information on DataSource, please see
// http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/javax/sql/DataSource.html.
//
// It also maintains list of books in the form of ArrayList.
//
// Study points:
//        - How DataSource object is retrieved through JNDI
//        - How Connection object is obtained through DataSource object
public class BookDBAO {
    private ArrayList books;
    Connection con;
    private boolean conFree = true;

    public BookDBAO() throws Exception {
        try {
            Context initCtx = new InitialContext();
            Context envCtx = (Context) initCtx.lookup("java:comp/env");
            DataSource ds = (DataSource) envCtx.lookup("jdbc/BookDB");
            con = ds.getConnection();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            throw new Exception("Couldn't open connection to database: " +
                ex.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void remove() {
        try {
            con.close();
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
        }
    }

    protected synchronized Connection getConnection() {
        while (conFree == false) {
            try {
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }

        conFree = false;
        notify();

        return con;
    }

    protected synchronized void releaseConnection() {
        while (conFree == true) {
            try {
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }

        conFree = true;
        notify();
    }

    // Return the list of books.
    //
    //
    // Study points:
    //        - How PreparedStatement is used for database operations
    //        - How ResultSet object is used for returned values
    //
    public List getBooks() throws BooksNotFoundException {
        books = new ArrayList();

        try {
            String selectStatement = "select * " + "from books";
            getConnection();

            PreparedStatement prepStmt = con.prepareStatement(selectStatement);
            ResultSet rs = prepStmt.executeQuery();

            while (rs.next()) {
                BookDetails bd =
                    new BookDetails(rs.getString(1), rs.getString(2),
                        rs.getString(3), rs.getString(4), rs.getFloat(5),
                        rs.getBoolean(6), rs.getInt(7), rs.getString(8),
                        rs.getInt(9));

                if (rs.getInt(9) > 0) {
                    books.add(bd);
                }
            }

            prepStmt.close();
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            throw new BooksNotFoundException(ex.getMessage());
        }

        releaseConnection();
        Collections.sort(books);

        return books;
    }

    // Get book details given a book id
    //
    public BookDetails getBookDetails(String bookId)
        throws BookNotFoundException {
        try {
            String selectStatement = "select * " + "from books where id = ? ";
            getConnection();

            PreparedStatement prepStmt = con.prepareStatement(selectStatement);
            prepStmt.setString(1, bookId);

            ResultSet rs = prepStmt.executeQuery();

            if (rs.next()) {
                BookDetails bd =
                    new BookDetails(rs.getString(1), rs.getString(2),
                        rs.getString(3), rs.getString(4), rs.getFloat(5),
                        rs.getBoolean(6), rs.getInt(7), rs.getString(8),
                        rs.getInt(9));
                prepStmt.close();
                releaseConnection();

                return bd;
            } else {
                prepStmt.close();
                releaseConnection();
                throw new BookNotFoundException("Couldn't find book: " +
                    bookId);
            }
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            releaseConnection();
            throw new BookNotFoundException("Couldn't find book: " + bookId +
                " " + ex.getMessage());
        }
    }

    // Buy books by calling buyBook() method for each book in the
    // shopping cart.
    //
    // Study points:
    //        - How setAutoCommit() method of a Connection object is used
    //        - How Connection object is retrieved and released
    //
    public void buyBooks(ShoppingCart cart) throws OrderException {
        Collection items = cart.getItems();
        Iterator i = items.iterator();

        try {
            getConnection();
            con.setAutoCommit(false);

            while (i.hasNext()) {
                ShoppingCartItem sci = (ShoppingCartItem) i.next();
                BookDetails bd = (BookDetails) sci.getItem();
                String id = bd.getBookId();
                int quantity = sci.getQuantity();
                buyBook(id, quantity);
            }

            con.commit();
            con.setAutoCommit(true);
            releaseConnection();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            try {
                con.rollback();
                releaseConnection();
                throw new OrderException("Transaction failed: " +
                    ex.getMessage());
            } catch (SQLException sqx) {
                releaseConnection();
                throw new OrderException("Rollback failed: " +
                    sqx.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }

    // Buy a book - basically reducing the quantity of books in the database.
    //
    public void buyBook(String bookId, int quantity) throws OrderException {
        try {
            String selectStatement = "select * " + "from books where id = ? ";
            PreparedStatement prepStmt = con.prepareStatement(selectStatement);
            prepStmt.setString(1, bookId);

            ResultSet rs = prepStmt.executeQuery();

            if (rs.next()) {
                int inventory = rs.getInt(9);
                prepStmt.close();

                if ((inventory - quantity) >= 0) {
                    String updateStatement =
                        "update books set inventory = inventory - ? where id = ?";
                    prepStmt = con.prepareStatement(updateStatement);
                    prepStmt.setInt(1, quantity);
                    prepStmt.setString(2, bookId);
                    prepStmt.executeUpdate();
                    prepStmt.close();
                } else {
                    throw new OrderException("Not enough of " + bookId +
                        " in stock to complete order.");
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            throw new OrderException("Couldn't purchase book: " + bookId +
                ex.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

Code-1.23: BookDBAO.java

3. Study filters

Double-click HitCounterFilter.java under bookstore1->Source Packages->filters.
Study the code especially paying attention to the bold-fonted comments. (Code-1.24 below) HitCounterFilter gets called whenever a user visits the boostore page.

package filters;

import java.io.*;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import util.Counter;

// Servlet filter class for updating hitcounter
public final class HitCounterFilter implements Filter {
    private FilterConfig filterConfig = null;

    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
    }

    public void destroy() {
        this.filterConfig = null;
    }

    // This method gets called everythime BookStoreServlet gets accessed.
    // See filter mapping of the web.xml file.
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
        FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        if (filterConfig == null) {
            return;
        }

        HttpServletRequest hr = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        HttpSession session = hr.getSession();
        ResourceBundle messages =
            (ResourceBundle) session.getAttribute("messages");

        if (messages == null) {
            Locale locale = request.getLocale();
            messages = ResourceBundle.getBundle("messages.BookstoreMessages",
                    locale);
            session.setAttribute("messages", messages);
        }

        StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
        PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(sw);

        Counter counter =
            (Counter) filterConfig.getServletContext()
                                  .getAttribute("hitCounter");
        writer.println();
        writer.println(
            "=======================================================");
        writer.println("The number of hits is: " + counter.incCounter());
        writer.println(
            "=======================================================");

        // Log the resulting string
        writer.flush();
        System.out.println(sw.getBuffer().toString());

        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        CharResponseWrapper wrapper =
            new CharResponseWrapper((HttpServletResponse) response);

        // Pass the request to the next filter in the chain.
        chain.doFilter(request, wrapper);

        CharArrayWriter caw = new CharArrayWriter();
        caw.write(wrapper.toString().substring(0,
                wrapper.toString().indexOf("</body>") - 1));
        caw.write("<p>\n<center>" + messages.getString("Visitor") +
            "<font color='red'>" + counter.getCounter() + "</font></center>");
        caw.write("\n</body></html>");
        response.setContentLength(caw.toString()
                                     .getBytes().length);
        out.write(caw.toString());
        out.close();
    }

    public String toString() {
        if (filterConfig == null) {
            return ("HitCounterFilter()");
        }

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("HitCounterFilter(");
        sb.append(filterConfig);
        sb.append(")");

        return (sb.toString());
    }
}

Code-1.24: HitCounterFilter.java

Double-click OrderFilter.java under bookstore1->Source Packages->filters.
Study the code of OrderFilter.java. The OrderFilter gets called whenever a user checks out.
Double click web.xml.
Study how filters are configured by paying attention to bold-fonted code fragments. (Code-1.25 below)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" version="2.4" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>bookstore1</display-name>
<filter>
    <filter-name>OrderFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>filters.OrderFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter>
    <filter-name>HitCounterFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>filters.HitCounterFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>OrderFilter</filter-name>
    <servlet-name>ReceiptServlet</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>HitCounterFilter</filter-name>
    <servlet-name>BookStoreServlet</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
    <listener-class>listeners.ContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
    <display-name>ShowCartServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>ShowCartServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>servlets.ShowCartServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
    <display-name>CatalogServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>CatalogServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>servlets.CatalogServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
    <display-name>BookStoreServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>BookStoreServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>servlets.BookStoreServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
    <display-name>CashierServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>CashierServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>servlets.CashierServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
    <display-name>BannerServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>BannerServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>servlets.BannerServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
    <display-name>BookDetailsServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>BookDetailsServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>servlets.BookDetailsServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
    <display-name>ReceiptServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>ReceiptServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>servlets.ReceiptServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ShowCartServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/bookshowcart</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>CatalogServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/bookcatalog</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>BookStoreServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/bookstore</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>CashierServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/bookcashier</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>BannerServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/banner</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>BookDetailsServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/bookdetails</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ReceiptServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/bookreceipt</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<error-page>
    <exception-type>exception.BookNotFoundException</exception-type>
    <location>/errorpage.html</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
    <exception-type>javax.servlet.UnavailableException</exception-type>
    <location>/errorpage.html</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
    <exception-type>exception.BooksNotFoundException</exception-type>
    <location>/errorpage.html</location>
</error-page>
<jsp-config/>
<resource-ref>
    <res-ref-name>jdbc/BookDB</res-ref-name>
    <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
    <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
    <res-sharing-scope>Shareable</res-sharing-scope>
</resource-ref>
</web-app>

Code-1.25: web.xml

4. Studt the servlets

Double-click BookStoreServlet..java under bookstore1->Source Packages->servlets.
Study the code by paying special attention to the bold-fonted comments.

package servlets;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import database.*;
import exception.*;

/**
* An HTTP Servlet that overrides the service method to return a
* simple web page.
*/
public class BookStoreServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private BookDBAO bookDB;

    public void init() throws ServletException {
        bookDB = (BookDBAO) getServletContext()
                                .getAttribute("bookDB");

        if (bookDB == null) {
            throw new UnavailableException("Couldn't get database.");
        }
    }

    public void destroy() {
        bookDB = null;
    }

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        // Get HttpSession scope object and retrieve ResourceBundle object.
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        ResourceBundle messages =
            (ResourceBundle) session.getAttribute("messages");

        // Use the browser's locale.
        if (messages == null) {
            Locale locale = request.getLocale();
            messages = ResourceBundle.getBundle("messages.BookstoreMessages",
                    locale);
            session.setAttribute("messages", messages);
        }

        // set content-type header before accessing the Writer
        response.setContentType("text/html");
        response.setBufferSize(8192);

        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        // then write the data of the response
        out.println("<html>" + "<head><title>Duke's Bookstore</title></head>");

        // Get the dispatcher; it gets the banner to the user
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher =
            getServletContext()
                .getRequestDispatcher("/banner");

        if (dispatcher != null) {
            dispatcher.include(request, response);
        }

        // Get book detail of the book 203 and display.
        // Study how encodeURL() method is used for URL encoding.
        try {
            BookDetails bd = bookDB.getBookDetails("203");

            //Left cell -- the "book of choice"
            out.println("<b>" + messages.getString("What") + "</b>" + "<p>" +
                "<blockquote>" + "<em><a href=\"" +
                response.encodeURL(request.getContextPath() +
                    "/bookdetails?bookId=203") + "\">" + bd.getTitle() +
                "</a></em>" + messages.getString("Talk") + "</blockquote>");

            //Right cell -- various navigation options
            out.println("<p><a href=\"" +
                response.encodeURL(request.getContextPath() + "/bookcatalog") +
                "\"><b>" + messages.getString("Start") + "</b></a></font><br>" +
                "<br>  " + "<br>  " + "<br>  " + "</body>" +
                "</html>");
        } catch (BookNotFoundException ex) {
            response.resetBuffer();
            throw new ServletException(ex);
        }

        out.close();
    }

    public String getServletInfo() {
        return "The BookStore servlet returns the main web page " +
        "for Duke's Bookstore.";
    }
}

Code-1.27: BookStoreServlet.java

Study how this servlet is configured in the web.xml file.
Study how other servlets are used in the application.

Summary

In this exercise, you have built and run "bookstore1" sample application. You have looked into how an event listener is written and configured. You also have seen two filters. You studied how servlets are used to write bookstore1 sample application.

Exercise 2: Build and run "bookstore2" sample application

In this exercise, you are going to build and run "bookstore2" sample application, which uses only JSP pages.

(2.1) Build and run "bookstore2" sample application

1. Open bookstore2 NetBeans project (that is provided as part of hands-on lab zip file).

(2.2) Look under the hood of the "bookstore2" sample application

1. Study web.xml

Double click web.xml under bookstore2->Web Pages->WEB-INF.
Study how <url-pattern>'s such as /bookstore or /bookdetails are mapped to Dispatcher, which is represented by dispatcher.Dispatcher class. (Code-2.20 below) We will look into dispatcher.Dispatcher class in the subsequent step.

Code-2.20: web.xml of the bookstore2 sample application

2. Study Dispatcher.java

Double click Dispatcher.java under bookstore2->Source Packages->dispatcher.
Study the code by paying special attention to the bold-fonted comments. (Code-2.21 below)

package dispatcher;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.util.*;
import cart.ShoppingCart;
import database.*;
import exception.*;

public class Dispatcher extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        String bookId = null;
        String clear = null;
        BookDetails book = null;
        BookDBAO bookDBAO =
            (BookDBAO) getServletContext()
                           .getAttribute("bookDBAO");
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();

        // Retrieve ServletPath from the request object.
        String selectedScreen = request.getServletPath();
        ShoppingCart cart = (ShoppingCart) session.getAttribute("cart");

        // If cart attribute is not present in the HttpSession scope object,
        // create one and save it.
        if (cart == null) {
            cart = new ShoppingCart();
            session.setAttribute("cart", cart);
        }

        // Based on the ServletPath, extract request parameters
        if (selectedScreen.equals("/bookcatalog")) {
            bookId = request.getParameter("Add");

            if (!bookId.equals("")) {
                try {
                    book = bookDBAO.getBookDetails(bookId);
                    cart.add(bookId, book);
                } catch (BookNotFoundException ex) {
                    // not possible
                }
            }
        } else if (selectedScreen.equals("/bookshowcart")) {
            bookId = request.getParameter("Remove");

            if (bookId != null) {
                cart.remove(bookId);
            }

            clear = request.getParameter("Clear");

            if ((clear != null) && clear.equals("clear")) {
                cart.clear();
            }
        } else if (selectedScreen.equals("/bookreceipt")) {
            // Update the inventory
            try {
                bookDBAO.buyBooks(cart);
            } catch (OrderException ex) {
                selectedScreen = "/bookordererror";
            }
        }

        // Determine the destination jsp for forwarding
        String screen = selectedScreen + ".jsp";

        // Perform the forwarding
        try {
            request.getRequestDispatcher(screen)
                   .forward(request, response);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        String screen = request.getServletPath() + ".jsp";

        try {
            request.getRequestDispatcher(screen)
                   .forward(request, response);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Code-2.21: Dispatcher.java

3. Study JSP pages

Double click bookstore.jsp under bookstore2->Web Pages.
Study bookstore.jsp paying special attention to the bold-fonted comments. Note that it is called /bookdetails. (Code-2.22 below)

<%-- Display localized string of "What" --%>
<p><b><fmt:message key="What"/></b></p>

<%-- Create bookDB attribute in a page scope --%>
<jsp:useBean id="bookDB" class="database.BookDB" scope="page" >
<jsp:setProperty name="bookDB" property="database" value="${bookDBAO}" />
</jsp:useBean>

<%-- Set the bookId property of the bookDB bean with value of "203" --%>
<jsp:setProperty name="bookDB" property="bookId" value="203" />

<p>
<%-- Retrieve the result of /bookdetails --%>
<c:url var="url" value="/bookdetails" />
<blockquote><p><em><a href="${url}?bookId=203">${bookDB.bookDetails.title}</a></em>,
<c:url var="url" value="/bookcatalog" />
<fmt:message key="Talk"/></blockquote>
<p><b><a href="${url}?Add="><fmt:message key="Start"/></a></b>

Code-2.22: bookstore.jsp

Double click bookdetails.jsp under bookstore2->Web Pages.
Study bookdetails.jsp. (Code-2.23 below)

<jsp:useBean id="bookDB" class="database.BookDB" scope="page" >
<jsp:setProperty name="bookDB" property="database" value="${bookDBAO}" />
</jsp:useBean>

<c:if test="${!empty param.bookId}">
<c:set var="bid" value="${param.bookId}"/>
<jsp:setProperty name="bookDB" property="bookId" value="${bid}" />
<c:set var="book" value="${bookDB.bookDetails}" />
      <h2>${book.title}</h2>
       <fmt:message key="By"/> <em>${book.firstName} ${book.surname}</em>  
      (${book.year})<br>   <br>
      <h4><fmt:message key="Critics"/></h4>
      <blockquote>${book.description}</blockquote>
      <h4><fmt:message key="ItemPrice"/>: <fmt:formatNumber value="${book.price}" type="currency"/></h4>
    <c:url var="url" value="/bookcatalog" >
      <c:param name="Add" value="${bid}" />
    </c:url>
    <p><strong><a href="${url}"><fmt:message key="CartAdd"/></a>     
</c:if>

<c:url var="url" value="/bookcatalog" >
<c:param name="Add" value="" />
</c:url>
<a href="${url}"><fmt:message key="ContinueShopping"/></a></p></strong>

Code-2.23: bookdetails.jsp

Study other jsp files.

Summary

Exercise 3: Building "bookstore3" sample application

In this exercise, you are going to build and run "bookstore3" sample application, which uses JSP pages and custom tags that are created using tag files.

(3.1) Build and run "bookstore3" sample application

0. Start NetBeans IDE and select Project tab.
1. Open bookstore3 NetBeans project.

(3.2) Look under the hood of the "bookstore3" sample application

1. Expand tags under bookstore3->Web Pages->WEB-INF.
2. Observe that there are two tag files - catalog.tag and shipDate.tag.

Figure-3.20: Tag files

3. Double click catalog.tag under bookstore3->Web Pages->WEB-INF->tags to open it in the sourc editor.

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" prefix="fmt" %>

<%@ attribute name="bookDB" required="true" type="database.BookDB" %>
<%@ attribute name="color" required="true" %>

<%@ attribute name="normalPrice" fragment="true" %>
<%@ attribute name="onSale" fragment="true" %>
<%@ variable name-given="price" %>
<%@ variable name-given="salePrice" %>

<center>
<table summary="layout">
<c:forEach var="book" begin="0" items="${bookDB.books}">
<tr>
<c:set var="bookId" value="${book.bookId}" />
<td bgcolor="${color}">
      <c:url var="url" value="/bookdetails" >
        <c:param name="bookId" value="${bookId}" />
      </c:url>
      <a href="${url}"><strong>${book.title} </strong></a></td>
<td bgcolor="${color}" rowspan=2>


<c:set var="salePrice" value="${book.price * .85}" />
<c:set var="price" value="${book.price}" />

    <c:choose>
      <c:when test="${book.onSale}" >
        <jsp:invoke fragment="onSale" />
      </c:when>
      <c:otherwise>
        <jsp:invoke fragment="normalPrice" />
      </c:otherwise>
    </c:choose>

 </td>

<td bgcolor="${color}" rowspan=2>
<c:url var="url" value="/bookcatalog" >
    <c:param name="Add" value="${bookId}" />
</c:url>
<p><strong><a href="${url}"> <fmt:message key="CartAdd"/> </a></td></tr>

<tr>
<td bgcolor="#ffffff">
  <fmt:message key="By"/> <em>${book.firstName} ${book.surname}</em></td></tr>
</c:forEach>

</table>
</center>

Code-3.21: catalog.tag

Now let's find out where the catalog tag is used. You can perform Edit->Find in Projects with :catalog to find out which files use the catalog tag. You will find that catalog tag is used in bookcatalog.jsp.

4. Double click bookcatalog.jsp under bookstore3->Web Pages. Study how the <sc:catalog ..> tags are used. (Code-3.22 below)

<%@ taglib prefix="sc" tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags" %>

<jsp:useBean id="bookDB" class="database.BookDB" scope="page" >
<jsp:setProperty name="bookDB" property="database" value="${bookDBAO}" />
</jsp:useBean>

<c:if test="${!empty param.Add}">
<c:set var="bid" value="${param.Add}"/>
<jsp:setProperty name="bookDB" property="bookId" value="${bid}" />
<c:set var="addedBook" value="${bookDB.bookDetails}" />
    <p><h3><font color="red" size="+2">
    <fmt:message key="CartAdded1"/> <em>${addedBook.title}</em> <fmt:message key="CartAdded2"/></font></h3>
</c:if>

<c:if test="${sessionScope.cart.numberOfItems > 0}">
<c:url var="url" value="/bookshowcart" >
    <c:param name="Clear" value="0" />
    <c:param name="Remove" value="0" />
</c:url>
<p><strong><a href="${url}"><fmt:message key="CartCheck"/></a>   
    <c:url var="url" value="/bookcashier" />
    <a href="${url}"><fmt:message key="Buy"/></a></p></strong>
</c:if>

<br> 
<br> 
<h3><fmt:message key="Choose"/></h3>

<sc:catalog bookDB ="${bookDB}" color="#cccccc">
<jsp:attribute name="normalPrice">
    <fmt:formatNumber value="${price}" type="currency"/>
</jsp:attribute>
<jsp:attribute name="onSale">
    <strike><fmt:formatNumber value="${price}" type="currency"/></strike><br/>
    <font color="red"><fmt:formatNumber value="${salePrice}" type="currency"/></font>
</jsp:attribute>
</sc:catalog>

Code-3.22: bookcatalog.jsp

5. Study how shipDate.tag is used.

Summary

Exercise 4: Building "bookstore4" sample application

In this exercise, you are going to build and run "bookstore4" sample application, which uses JSP pages and JSTL in native format.

(4.1) Build and run "bookstore4" sample application

0. Start NetBeans IDE and select Project tab.
1. Open bookstore4 NetBeans project.

Building Bookstore Sample Apps using various Web technologies

Software Needed

OS platforms you can use

Change Log

Lab Exercises

Exercise 0: Set up the database

(0.0) Add Sun Java System App Server as additional server

(0.1) Start admin console of Sun Java System Application Server

(0.2) Create a new JDBC resource

(0.3) Modify the properties of DerbyPool

(0.4) Start the Derby database (Java DB Server)

(0.5) Create database tables

(0.6) Verify the BOOKS database table is created

Exercise 1: Open, build and run "bookstore1" sample application

(1.1) Open, build, and run "bookstore1" sample application

(1.2) Look under the hood of the "bookstore1" applicaiton

Summary

Exercise 2: Build and run "bookstore2" sample application

(2.1) Build and run "bookstore2" sample application

(2.2) Look under the hood of the "bookstore2" sample application

Summary

Exercise 3: Building "bookstore3" sample application

(3.1) Build and run "bookstore3" sample application

(3.2) Look under the hood of the "bookstore3" sample application

Summary

Exercise 4: Building "bookstore4" sample application

(4.1) Build and run "bookstore4" sample application

(4.2) Look under the hood of the "bookstore4" sample application

Summary

Homework Exercise (for people who are taking Sang Shin's "Java EE Programming online course")